肝硬化

Overview

肝硬化 is a condition that occurs when chronic diseases cause permanent damage or injury to the liver. The liver is the second largest organ in the body weighing about four pounds and is located in the upper right side of the abdomen, 肋骨下面. The liver is responsible for performing more functions than any other organ in the body, 比如代谢我们所吃的食物, filtering and detoxifying poisons in our blood to remove numerous toxic compounds, producing immune agents to control infection and regenerating itself when part of it has been damaged. The scar tissue that forms in cirrhosis harms the structure of the liver, 阻塞了器官内血液的流动. 它还减缓了营养物质的处理, 蛋白质, 激素, 药物, 肝脏产生的毒素和其他物质.

约25,每年有000人死于肝硬化, making it the 11th leading cause of death by disease in the United States. 肝硬化有很多原因，但在美国.S., chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are among the most common. Almost one-half of all cirrhosis deaths are due to excessive alcohol use. Other causes of the disease include chronic hepatitis B and D, 自身免疫性肝炎, 非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH), 胆管阻塞, 药物, 毒素, infections and certain inherited metabolic diseases such as Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, 血色沉着病, 威尔逊氏病, 半乳糖血症和糖原储存病.

我们治疗肝硬化的方法

治疗肝硬化, our specialists focus on addressing its underlying cause to slow or stop the liver damage. We may also prescribe medications to relieve 症状 and prevent or treat complications.

If the liver becomes too damaged to function, liver transplantation may be an option. UCSF offers a liver transplant program known for outstanding outcomes and survival statistics that are among the best in the country. Our program helped pioneer techniques that have made transplantation safer 和更多的 successful.

奖 & 识别

是全国顶尖的十大赌博平台排行榜之一
全国最好的胃肠病学专家之一 & 胃肠道手术

迹象 & 症状

Many people with cirrhosis do not experience any 症状 in the early stages of the disease. 然而, 因为疤痕组织取代了健康细胞, 肝功能可能开始衰竭, 导致以下症状.

早期症状包括:

Development of spider-like red spots on the chest, face or arms
乏力
食欲不振
恶心想吐
弱点
减肥

晚期肝硬化的症状包括:

难以集中注意力
受损的睡眠
可怜的记忆
腹部和/或腿部积液
皮肤和眼睛呈黄色(黄疸)
尿色深
虚弱和肌肉减少
消化道出血
严重时昏迷

诊断

肝硬化可以根据你的症状来诊断, 病史, 体格检查和化验结果. Tests to confirm a diagnosis of cirrhosis include a complete blood count (CBC), 肝酶, liver function and electrolyte testing as well as screening for other health conditions such as hepatitis B and C viruses, 肝癌或胆结石.

In most cases, a liver biopsy is used to confirm the diagnosis. 在活检过程中, the doctor uses a needle to take a small sample of tissue from your liver so that it can be examined for scarring or other signs of disease.

Imaging tests may also be recommended to obtain a closer look at your liver. 其中包括计算机断层扫描(CT), ultrasound or a scan of the liver using a radioisotope — a harmless radioactive substance that highlights the liver. The doctor also might examine your liver using a laparoscope, an instrument that is inserted through the abdomen that relays images onto a computer screen.

治疗

Treatment of cirrhosis focuses on stopping or delaying the damage to your liver and preventing complications, 比如肝功能衰竭. When the cause of the condition is known, therapy will aim to specifically manage that illness. 例如, 如果病人得了肝炎, the doctor may administer steroids or antiviral 药物 for treatment.

不管肝硬化的原因是什么, 每个病人都必须避免使用所有物质, habits and 药物 that may further damage the liver or cause complications or liver failure. Alcohol, in addition to causing cirrhosis, may accelerate the progression of liver scarring. All patients with liver disease should not drink any alcohol. Medications also may be given to control the 症状 of cirrhosis.

If complications progress to the point of possible liver failure, 可能建议肝移植. Our team of digestive disorder experts work closely with liver transplant specialists at UCSF Medical Center, 谁能提供优质的护理. Liver failure may occur at the end stage of liver disease when the liver stops working and cannot support life. 肝功能衰竭很难治疗，生存期有限. 然而, the good news is that many people with cirrhosis have undergone successful liver transplants. Also, many patients live long and healthy lives with other means of therapy.

加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.